New Mexico Confirms First Human Plague Case of the Year in Valencia County

First Human Plague Case Detected in New Mexico This Year

Health officials in New Mexico have announced the state's first confirmed human case of the plague for this year. The individual, an adult man from Valencia County, has tested positive for the bacterial disease. This development prompts a reminder about the ongoing presence of plague in certain regions of the United States and the importance of preventive measures.

The plague is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium *Yersinia pestis*. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected fleas, which often live on small mammals like rodents, including squirrels, prairie dogs, and rats. People can also contract the disease through direct contact with infected animals, such as handling sick or dead animals.

Understanding the Disease and Its Presence

Symptoms of plague typically appear within two to six days after exposure and can include fever, chills, headache, weakness, and painful, swollen lymph nodes, often referred to as buboes. While historically a devastating disease, modern antibiotics are highly effective in treating plague if administered early. However, without prompt treatment, the illness can progress rapidly and become fatal.

Plague is endemic in several western U.S. states, including New Mexico, California, and Arizona, where cases in both animals and humans are reported periodically. The natural cycle of the disease often involves wild rodent populations, and outbreaks among these animals can increase the risk of transmission to humans and pets.

Protecting Yourself and Your Pets

Public health authorities consistently advise residents in affected areas to take precautions. These include avoiding direct contact with sick or dead animals, particularly rodents and their carcasses. It is also recommended to use flea control products on pets and to keep pets from roaming freely in areas where rodents might be prevalent. Making homes and properties less attractive to rodents by removing potential food sources and nesting sites can also help reduce risk. If a pet becomes ill, veterinary attention should be sought immediately, and pet owners should inform the veterinarian if the animal has been exposed to wild rodents or fleas.

What happens next

Health officials in New Mexico will likely continue to monitor for further cases in both humans and animals, especially within Valencia County and surrounding areas. They will also reinforce public education campaigns on how to prevent plague transmission. Individuals who experience symptoms consistent with plague, especially after potential exposure to rodents or fleas, are urged to seek medical attention promptly and inform their healthcare provider about possible exposure.